Kumaravadivelu states that there are over 15 methods for Second and Foreign Language (L2) teaching, which he divides into three categories, i.e. language-centered, learner-centered and learning-centered methods, as seen, respectively, in alternative:
Suggestopedia, Grammar Translation and Natural Approach.
Audio-lingual Method, Communicative Approach and Task-Based Learning.
Direct Method, Task-Based Learning and Communicative Approach.
Task-Based Learning, Grammar Translation and Natural Approach.
Communicative Approach, Structuralist Method and Audio-lingual Method.