Questão Q1678512 - Língua Inglesa

Question

Text I Air traffic controllers asleep on the job…stillMichael J. Breus, Ph.D., in Sleepnewzzz Here’s some news of workers sleeping on the job that’s downright scary. A news investigation produced a story and footage of air traffic controllers at Westchester County Airport sleeping during their5 shifts. The video, provided to the news outlet by an employee in the air traffic control tower at Westchester Airport, also shows controllers reading and using laptops and cell phones while on duty. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) bans its controllers from10 use of cell phones, personal reading material and electric devices while on duty. Sleeping is prohibited anywhere in air traffic control towers. All of these violations are alarming and dangerous, and pose a serious public safety problem.15 It is important, I believe, to separate the issue of air traffic controllers sleeping on the job from their choice to play with laptops and cell phones when they are supposed to be working. The video images showing air traffic controllers slumped over and sleeping20 at their stations is truly frightening. But the issue of sleep deprivation among air traffic controllers is a very real one, and means that some instances of falling asleep—however dangerous and wrong—is not entirely the controllers’ fault, or even within their25 control. Unfortunately this is not a new problem. We’ve seen several instances of air traffic controllers falling asleep on duty in recent months. In response to these cases, the FAA in 201130 revised its regulations for air traffic controllers to include additional time for rest between shifts. The FAA: • Raised the minimum amount of time off between work shifts to 9 hours from 8 hours35 • Prohibited air traffic controllers from swapping shifts without having a minimum of 9 hours off in between shifts • Increased supervisor coverage in air traffic control towers during late night and early morning shifts40 • Prohibited air traffic controllers from picking up an overnight shift after a day off These adjustments are a step in the right direction, but they don’t go far enough. Managing schedules for shift workers in these high-pressure jobs where45 public safety is at stake is too important to settle for improvements that don’t actually solve the problem. Shift workers of all types face challenges to getting enough sleep while managing long hours, overnight shifts, and changing schedules that fluctuate between50 day and night. Research shows that:• People who engage in shift work get lesssleep overall than those of us who work more regularhours• Shift workers are at higher risk for illness and55 chronic disease• The sleep deprivation associated with shift workincrease the risk of accidents, injuries and mistakes in high-profile, public-safety related industries likemedicine and law enforcement, as well as air traffic60 control In addition to making people more prone to accidents and injury, sleep deprivation causes a number of negative effects—both physical and psychological—that can impair the on-the-job65 performance of air traffic controllers and other shift workers. Sleep deprivation: • Slows reaction time • Interferes with memory • Causes fatigue70 • Compromises judgment • Impairs the ability to retain new information I think we can all agree that we don’t want the people responsible for guiding our planes to be sluggish, slow-reacting, forgetful, fatigued and of75 questionable judgment. But that’s exactly what being sleep deprived can make them! It’s the FAAs responsibility to create workplace regulations that enable air traffic controllers to get the rest they need. This can include not just mandating80 reasonable time off between shifts, but also giving controllers breaks during shifts and allowing them to nap on their breaks. There are also some basic things that the controllers themselves—or any shift workers—can do to help avoid sleep deprivation:85 • Make sure to get adequate rest before a shift begins. Take a nap before work, if need be. • Limit your reliance on caffeine. While it’s okay as an occasional pick-me-up, coffee and caffeinated beverages are not substitutes for adequate sleep.90 And caffeine can interfere with your sleep when you actually want and need to be sleepy. • Keep a strong and consistent sleep routine bothduring your workdays and your days off. It’s notalways easy, but shift workers in particular need to95 build their off-duty schedules around making sure they get the sleep they need. Similarly to the recent changes in health care, the FAA is moving in the right direction to help its employees get the sleep they need to do their jobs100 safely. As this latest incident at Westchester Airport confirms, there is a great deal of work still to be done. And it’s in everyone’s best—and safest—interest that progress continues to be made. Sweet Dreams, Michael J. Breus, PhD The Sleep Doctor™ www.thesleepdoctor.com Available at: Adapted. Retrieved on: July 25, 2012. Text I Air traffic controllers asleep on the job…stillMichael J. Breus, Ph.D., in Sleepnewzzz Here’s some news of workers sleeping on the job that’s downright scary. A news investigation produced a story and footage of air traffic controllers at Westchester County Airport sleeping during their5 shifts. The video, provided to the news outlet by an employee in the air traffic control tower at Westchester Airport, also shows controllers reading and using laptops and cell phones while on duty. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) bans its controllers from10 use of cell phones, personal reading material and electric devices while on duty. Sleeping is prohibited anywhere in air traffic control towers. All of these violations are alarming and dangerous, and pose a serious public safety problem.15 It is important, I believe, to separate the issue of air traffic controllers sleeping on the job from their choice to play with laptops and cell phones when they are supposed to be working. The video images showing air traffic controllers slumped over and sleeping20 at their stations is truly frightening. But the issue of sleep deprivation among air traffic controllers is a very real one, and means that some instances of falling asleep—however dangerous and wrong—is not entirely the controllers’ fault, or even within their25 control. Unfortunately this is not a new problem. We’ve seen several instances of air traffic controllers falling asleep on duty in recent months. In response to these cases, the FAA in 201130 revised its regulations for air traffic controllers to include additional time for rest between shifts. The FAA: • Raised the minimum amount of time off between work shifts to 9 hours from 8 hours35 • Prohibited air traffic controllers from swapping shifts without having a minimum of 9 hours off in between shifts • Increased supervisor coverage in air traffic control towers during late night and early morning shifts40 • Prohibited air traffic controllers from picking up an overnight shift after a day off These adjustments are a step in the right direction, but they don’t go far enough. Managing schedules for shift workers in these high-pressure jobs where45 public safety is at stake is too important to settle for improvements that don’t actually solve the problem. Shift workers of all types face challenges to getting enough sleep while managing long hours, overnight shifts, and changing schedules that fluctuate between50 day and night. Research shows that:• People who engage in shift work get lesssleep overall than those of us who work more regularhours• Shift workers are at higher risk for illness and55 chronic disease• The sleep deprivation associated with shift workincrease the risk of accidents, injuries and mistakes in high-profile, public-safety related industries likemedicine and law enforcement, as well as air traffic60 control In addition to making people more prone to accidents and injury, sleep deprivation causes a number of negative effects—both physical and psychological—that can impair the on-the-job65 performance of air traffic controllers and other shift workers. Sleep deprivation: • Slows reaction time • Interferes with memory • Causes fatigue70 • Compromises judgment • Impairs the ability to retain new information I think we can all agree that we don’t want the people responsible for guiding our planes to be sluggish, slow-reacting, forgetful, fatigued and of75 questionable judgment. But that’s exactly what being sleep deprived can make them! It’s the FAAs responsibility to create workplace regulations that enable air traffic controllers to get the rest they need. This can include not just mandating80 reasonable time off between shifts, but also giving controllers breaks during shifts and allowing them to nap on their breaks. There are also some basic things that the controllers themselves—or any shift workers—can do to help avoid sleep deprivation:85 • Make sure to get adequate rest before a shift begins. Take a nap before work, if need be. • Limit your reliance on caffeine. While it’s okay as an occasional pick-me-up, coffee and caffeinated beverages are not substitutes for adequate sleep.90 And caffeine can interfere with your sleep when you actually want and need to be sleepy. • Keep a strong and consistent sleep routine bothduring your workdays and your days off. It’s notalways easy, but shift workers in particular need to95 build their off-duty schedules around making sure they get the sleep they need. Similarly to the recent changes in health care, the FAA is moving in the right direction to help its employees get the sleep they need to do their jobs100 safely. As this latest incident at Westchester Airport confirms, there is a great deal of work still to be done. And it’s in everyone’s best—and safest—interest that progress continues to be made. Sweet Dreams, Michael J. Breus, PhD The Sleep Doctor™ www.thesleepdoctor.com Available at: Adapted. Retrieved on: July 25, 2012. According to Text I, the Federal Aviation Administration, in response to serious public safety issues, has defined new norms that include all of the following, EXCEPT

Gran Questões · Accepted Answer

prohibit air control towers staff from working shifts with a 9 hour resting period in between.

Gran Questões · Answer

include longer resting periods between shifts, which amount to at least 9 hours.

Gran Questões · Answer

reinforce supervision of air control towers staff on duty in late night and early morning shifts.

Gran Questões · Answer

forbid air traffic controllers to change shifts with a colleague if the minimum resting period is not respected.

Gran Questões · Answer

restrict air traffic controllers from working an overnight shift after having spent a day away from their post.

According to Text I, the Federal Aviation Administration...