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“Wreckage” (line 7) is synonymous with “speed”.
Text to answer questions from 36 to 39.
1 OVER the past four centuries liberalism has been so
successful that it has driven all its opponents off the
battlefield. Now it is disintegrating, destroyed by a mix of
4 hubris and internal contradictions, as professor Patrick
Deneen claims in his recently published work Why
Liberalism Failed.
7 The gathering wreckage of liberalism’s twilight years
can be seen all around, especially in America, Mr Deneen’s
main focus. The founding tenets of the faith have been
10 shattered. Equality of opportunity has produced a new
meritocratic aristocracy that has all the aloofness of the old
aristocracy with none of its sense of noblesse oblige.
13 Democracy has degenerated into a theatre of the absurd.
And technological advances are reducing ever more areas
of work into meaningless drudgery. “The gap between
16 liberalism’s claims about itself and the lived reality of the
citizenry” is now so wide that “the lie can no longer be
accepted,” Mr Deneen writes. What better proof of this
19 than the vision of 1,000 private planes whisking their
occupants to Davos to discuss the question of “creating a
shared future in a fragmented world”?
22 Mr Deneen uses the term “liberalism” in its
philosophical rather than its popular sense. He is describing
the great tradition of political theory that is commonly
25 traced to Thomas Hobbes and John Locke rather than the
set of vaguely leftish attitudes that Americans now
associate with the word. But this is no work of
28 philosophical cud-chewing. Most political theorists argue
that liberalism has divided into two independent streams:
classical liberalism, which celebrates the free market, and
31 left-liberalism which celebrates civil rights. For Mr Deneen
they have an underlying unity. Most political observers
think that the debate about the state of liberalism has
34 nothing to do with them. Mr Deneen argues that liberalism
is a ruling philosophy, dictating everything from court
decisions to corporate behaviour. Theory is practice.
37 The underlying unity lies in individual self-
expression. Both classical and left liberals conceive of
humans as rights-bearing individuals who should be given
40 as much space as possible to fulfil their dreams. The aim of
government is to secure rights. The legitimacy of the
system is based on a shared belief in a “social contract”
43 between consenting adults. But this produces a paradox.
Because the liberal spirit mechanically destroys inherited
customs and local traditions, sometimes in the name of
46 market efficiency and sometimes in the name of individual
rights, it creates more room for the expansion of the state,
48 as marketmaker and law-enforcer.
In: Political thought: the problem with liberalism.
The Economist, Edição impressa, p. 74, 27 jan. 2018.
As far as comprehension of the text above is concerned, mark the statements below as right (C) or wrong (E).
“Wreckage” (line 7) is synonymous with “speed”.
C
Certo
E
Errado