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The sentence “While lingua francas have been used for...
Text one
ELF – ENGLISH AS A LINGUA FRANCA
English as a lingua franca (ELF) is the use of the English language "as a global means of inter-community communication" and can be understood as "any use of English among speakers of different first languages for whom English is the communicative medium of choice and often the only option" ELF is "defined functionally by its use in intercultural communication rather than formally by its reference to native-speaker norms" whereas English as a second or foreign language aims at meeting native speaker norms and gives prominence to native-speaker cultural aspects. While lingua francas have been used for centuries, what makes ELF a novel phenomenon is the extent to which it is used in spoken, written and in computer-mediated communication. ELF research focuses on the pragmatics of variation which is manifest in the variable use of the resources of English for a wide range of globalized purposes, in important formal encounters such as business transactions, international diplomacy and conflict resolution, as well as in informal exchanges between international friends.
Taken and adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_as_a_lingua_franca
The sentence “While lingua francas have been used for centuries” is in the passive voice form.
Now look at alternatives below and choose the one which is not in the passive voice.
A
English has been considered a lingua Franca for a long time.
B
English language is used as a tool of international communication.
C
English is spoken in business transactions and important formal encounters.
D
In many countries around the globe the English language is being taught in public schools.
E
Many people around the world have been learning English.