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English nouns exhibit complex behaviors regarding countability and number, including uncountable nouns, collective nouns, and nouns that look plural but are singular (and vice-versa). Select the alternative that correctly identifies the grammatical concord and nature of the underlined nouns in the sentence: "The data collected for the study is inconclusive, while the police are investigating the source of the leak."
"Data" is treated here as an uncountable/singular mass noun (common in modern usage), and "police" is a pluralia tantum noun requiring a plural verb.
"Data" is a countable singular noun; "police" is a singular noun that ends in 's' implicitly.
"Data" is strictly a plural noun and the verb "is" is grammatically incorrect; "police" is a collective noun treated as singular.
"Data" acts as a collective noun taking a plural verb; "police" acts as an uncountable noun taking a singular verb.