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What do the words in bold “who” (l. 04) and “he” (l. 29)...
1
Q4278784
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The secret history of Stonehenge
By James Owens
- Stonehenge, located in southern England, ranks among the world’s most iconic
- archaeological sites and one of its greatest enigmas. The megalithic stone circle on Salisbury
- Plain inspires awe and fascination — but also intense debate some 4,600 years after it was built
- by ancient Britons who left no written record.
- The monument’s mysterious past has spawned countless tales and theories. According to
- folklore, Stonehenge was created ___ Merlin, the wizard of Arthurian legend, who magically
- transported the massive stones ___ Ireland, where giants had assembled them.
- Another legend says invading Danes put the stones up, and another theory says they were
- the ruins of a Roman temple. Modern-day interpretations are no less colorful. Some argue that
- Stonehenge is a spacecraft landing area for aliens, and even more say it’s a giant fertility symbol
- in the shape of female genitalia.
- Archaeological investigation of the site dates back to the 1660s, when it was first surveyed
- by antiquarian John Aubrey. He wrongly credited Stonehenge to the much later Celts, believing
- it to be a religious center presided over by Druid priests.
- Centuries of fieldwork since show the Neolithic monument, now a UNESCO World Heritage
- site, was more than a millennium in the making. It started out 5,000 years ago as a circular
- earthen bank and ditch, in a larger area of burial mounds.
- Modern debate over the monument’s meaning has two main camps: those who see it as a
- holy site, and others who believe it represents a scientific observatory.
- Both camps base their theories on the site’s celestial influence. They point to alignments to
- the sun and moon as evidence of rituals linked to the changing seasons and
- the summer and winter solstices.
- A radical theory asserts that Stonehenge served as a “prehistoric Lourdes” where people
- came to be healed. This idea revolves around the smaller bluestones, which, researchers argue,
- must have been credited with magical powers for them to have been floated, dragged, and hauled
- 145 miles from west Wales.
- Competing to solve the enduring prehistoric puzzle is University College London’s Mike
- Parker Pearson, co-leader of the Stonehenge Riverside Project, “Stonehenge isn’t a monument
- in isolation,” he says. “It is actually one of a pair — one in stone, one in timber. The theory is
- that Stonehenge is a kind of spirit home to the ancestors.”
(Available at: https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/stonehenge-1 – text specially adapted for this test).
What do the words in bold “who” (l. 04) and “he” (l. 29) refer to, respectively?
A
Debate – monument in isolation.
B
Stonehenge – Stonehenge Riverside Project.
C
Salisbury Plain – Stonehenge.
D
Megalithic stone – University College London.
E
Ancient Britons – Mike Parker Pearson.