Questão Q4280330 - Língua Inglesa

Question

T E X T 2 How learning a new language changes your brain73 People learn a new language for all sorts of reasons – to74 work or study in another country, move abroad, or simply75 for pleasure. No matter the motivation, many students76 find that the experience of studying a new language77 enriches their lives. But did you also know a language78 changes your brain at a physical level?79 Numerous studies have examined how learning a new80 language at different ages can make a difference to the81 way your brain works. Let’s take a look at how learning a82 second language affects your brain.83 A neurological perspective on language learning84 Bilingual people, who have learned two languages side by85 side from early childhood, have been studied by scientists86 for decades. They are keen to understand how speaking87 two languages fluently affects people on a cognitive level.88 And with the advent of MRI technology, researchers are89 now able to see on a very visual level the differences90 between monolingual brains and bilingual brains.91 Everyone’s brain is made up of neurons, which have a cell92 body, and dendrites, which are the connections between93 neurons. This is what we call “grey matter.”94 Bilingual people have more of these neurons and95 dendrites compared to people who speak only one96 language. This means that their grey matter is denser.97 Bilingualism also has an impact on white matter – that is,98 a system of nerve fibres which connect all four lobes of99 the brain. This system coordinates communication100 between the different brain regions, helping your brain to101 learn and function.102 Bilingual adults have increased white matter103 integrity compared to adults who only speak one104 language. Their second language experience actually105 boosts their brain’s reserves.106 What about people who learn a language later on?107 Students who are learning a second language later in life108 can still benefit from some of the neurological changes109 that happen to speakers of second languages, no matter110 what level they are at. Having new experiences (novelty)111 is an important factor in forming new connections in the112 brain and strengthening nervous system links. These links113 and connections are maintained through regular114 practice.115 Through the study of a new language, students learn new116 words and grammatical constructs and build on their117 previous knowledge as part of the learning process. This118 combination is one of the reasons that language learning119 is such an effective brain workout and protects older120 learners against dementia and other degenerative121 neurological conditions.122 But everyone can benefit from language learning.123 Language learning is arguably one of the most complex124 mental activities you can do. So, it’s a powerful way to125 exercise your brain.126 How language learning boosts other skills 127 Given the measurable impact of language learning on the128 brain, it’s no surprise that these physical changes are129 accompanied by the improvement of certain other skills130 such as communication, creativity, recall and131 concentration.132 1. Better academic performance133 When researchers analyzed 20 studies on language134 learning and its impact on academic performance, they135 observed a better performance of language learners136 across a range of academic subjects than the137 performance of students who don’t study a second138 language. Learning another language also boosts student139 literacy, which gives learners an advantage in core school140 subjects like mathematics and science.141 2. Improved concentration142 Just one week of learning a new language has a positive143 impact on students’ levels of alertness and focus. This144 improvement was maintained with continuous language145 study of at least five hours a week. Moreover, this146 study encompassed learners from the age of 18 to 78,147 and the improvement in attention span was noted across148 all age groups. So, studying a new language will boost149 students’ concentration, no matter what age they are.150 3. A more powerful memory151 Studying a language engages memorization skills (learning152 new words and rules) as well as recall (producing new153 language in-class activities). So it’s no surprise that people154 who regularly use a second language have more powerful155 memories. In fact, research shows that people who speak156 a second language regularly perform better on memory157 tests than monolingual people. It makes no difference158 whether they learned the language as a child or as an159 adult, either. What’s more, language learning improves160 both short term and long term memory,161 4. Stronger communication skills162 Early studies on language learning found evidence that it163 boosted learners’ empathy. More recent research has164 found that empathy is a key trait for success in learning a165 second language. Speaking a second language can help to166 improve students’ ability to see things from another167 perspective. In turn, this can have a positive impact on168 their communication skills. In addition, the practice of169 academic skills involved in language study, such as active170 listening, can improve learners’ communication skills in171 their everyday lives.172 5. More creativity173 Bilingual children exhibit more creativity in problem-174 solving and flexibility than their monolingual peers. The175 same holds true for learners of a second language.176 Researchers across different studies have found that177 studying a language seems to unlock students’ creative178 abilities. This could be the result of the thought processes179 involved in language learning. These include translation,180 language switching and disciplined study, along with a181 willingness to learn and adapt.182183 Language learning skills will help learners in all areas of184 their lives, improving their mental abilities, and helping185 them with problem-solving and decision–making.186 Ultimately, this all goes towards enriching their personal,187 social and professional relationships. So, whether you’re a188 learner or a teacher of other languages, you’re building189 skills, exercising your brain and building your cognitive190 reserves every time you speak a second language!Adapted from: https://www.cambridge.org/elt/blog/2022/04/29. T E X T 2 How learning a new language changes your brain73 People learn a new language for all sorts of reasons – to74 work or study in another country, move abroad, or simply75 for pleasure. No matter the motivation, many students76 find that the experience of studying a new language77 enriches their lives. But did you also know a language78 changes your brain at a physical level?79 Numerous studies have examined how learning a new80 language at different ages can make a difference to the81 way your brain works. Let’s take a look at how learning a82 second language affects your brain.83 A neurological perspective on language learning84 Bilingual people, who have learned two languages side by85 side from early childhood, have been studied by scientists86 for decades. They are keen to understand how speaking87 two languages fluently affects people on a cognitive level.88 And with the advent of MRI technology, researchers are89 now able to see on a very visual level the differences90 between monolingual brains and bilingual brains.91 Everyone’s brain is made up of neurons, which have a cell92 body, and dendrites, which are the connections between93 neurons. This is what we call “grey matter.”94 Bilingual people have more of these neurons and95 dendrites compared to people who speak only one96 language. This means that their grey matter is denser.97 Bilingualism also has an impact on white matter – that is,98 a system of nerve fibres which connect all four lobes of99 the brain. This system coordinates communication100 between the different brain regions, helping your brain to101 learn and function.102 Bilingual adults have increased white matter103 integrity compared to adults who only speak one104 language. Their second language experience actually105 boosts their brain’s reserves.106 What about people who learn a language later on?107 Students who are learning a second language later in life108 can still benefit from some of the neurological changes109 that happen to speakers of second languages, no matter110 what level they are at. Having new experiences (novelty)111 is an important factor in forming new connections in the112 brain and strengthening nervous system links. These links113 and connections are maintained through regular114 practice.115 Through the study of a new language, students learn new116 words and grammatical constructs and build on their117 previous knowledge as part of the learning process. This118 combination is one of the reasons that language learning119 is such an effective brain workout and protects older120 learners against dementia and other degenerative121 neurological conditions.122 But everyone can benefit from language learning.123 Language learning is arguably one of the most complex124 mental activities you can do. So, it’s a powerful way to125 exercise your brain.126 How language learning boosts other skills 127 Given the measurable impact of language learning on the128 brain, it’s no surprise that these physical changes are129 accompanied by the improvement of certain other skills130 such as communication, creativity, recall and131 concentration.132  1. Better academic performance133 When researchers analyzed 20 studies on language134 learning and its impact on academic performance, they135 observed a better performance of language learners136 across a range of academic subjects than the137 performance of students who don’t study a second138 language. Learning another language also boosts student139 literacy, which gives learners an advantage in core school140 subjects like mathematics and science.141 2. Improved concentration142 Just one week of learning a new language has a positive143 impact on students’ levels of alertness and focus. This144 improvement was maintained with continuous language145 study of at least five hours a week. Moreover, this146 study encompassed learners from the age of 18 to 78,147 and the improvement in attention span was noted across148 all age groups. So, studying a new language will boost149 students’ concentration, no matter what age they are.150  3. A more powerful memory151 Studying a language engages memorization skills (learning152 new words and rules) as well as recall (producing new153 language in-class activities). So it’s no surprise that people154 who regularly use a second language have more powerful155 memories. In fact, research shows that people who speak156 a second language regularly perform better on memory157 tests than monolingual people. It makes no difference158 whether they learned the language as a child or as an159 adult, either. What’s more, language learning improves160 both short term and long term memory,161  4. Stronger communication skills162 Early studies on language learning found evidence that it163 boosted learners’ empathy. More recent research has164 found that empathy is a key trait for success in learning a165 second language. Speaking a second language can help to166 improve students’ ability to see things from another167 perspective. In turn, this can have a positive impact on168 their communication skills. In addition, the practice of169 academic skills involved in language study, such as active170 listening, can improve learners’ communication skills in171 their everyday lives.172 5. More creativity173 Bilingual children exhibit more creativity in problem-174 solving and flexibility than their monolingual peers. The175 same holds true for learners of a second language.176 Researchers across different studies have found that177 studying a language seems to unlock students’ creative178 abilities. This could be the result of the thought processes179 involved in language learning. These include translation,180 language switching and disciplined study, along with a181 willingness to learn and adapt.182183 Language learning skills will help learners in all areas of184 their lives, improving their mental abilities, and helping185 them with problem-solving and decision–making.186 Ultimately, this all goes towards enriching their personal,187 social and professional relationships. So, whether you’re a188 learner or a teacher of other languages, you’re building189 skills, exercising your brain and building your cognitive190 reserves every time you speak a second language!Adapted from: https://www.cambridge.org/elt/blog/2022/04/29. In the sentences “Language learning skills will help learners in all areas of their lives.” (lines 183-184) and “Ultimately, this all goes towards enriching their personal, social and professional relationships.” (lines 186-187), the tenses of the verbs in bold are respectively

Gran Questões · Accepted Answer

simple future and simple present.

Gran Questões · Answer

simple present and simple present.

Gran Questões · Answer

simple future and simple future.

Gran Questões · Answer

future perfect and simple future.

In the sentences “Language learning skills will help...