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In the excerpt “...the language-learning app Duolingo...
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Text forquestions 26, 27, 28, 29 and 30
Students using A.I. overhumans to learn English (23rd December 2024)
More and more students in Japan are using artificial intelligence (AI) to learn English and other languages. The language-learning app Duolingo conducted a survey on how students study languages. More than 4,700 Japanese students answered questions about their language-learning habits. The survey found that the number of people using ChatGPT and other AI tools increased by more than 80 per cent in 2024. AI was particularly popular with younger people. The researchers said more young people used AI than took face-to-face lessons. However, some people in their 20s were not totally happy with AI lessons. They said AI lacked natural responses and was a little boring.
Duolingo said: "We're in the midst of an AI revolution.…Technology has long had an impact on language learning." It found that apps were the most popular method in Japan to learn languages. English was the most studied language, followed by Korean. People are studying Korean "to understand the language as spoken by…favourite artists and celebrities." Duolingo said around 58 per cent of people who took the survey used language-learning apps. This was followed by video streaming platforms like YouTube and Netflix (37%), textbooks (36%) and online lessons (16%). The number of people going to a language school is decreasing. Just 13.8 per cent of people went to classes with a teacher.
https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2024/12/19/japan/chatgpt-english-lessons/
https://mainichi.jp/english/articles/20241218/p2a/00m/0li/017000c
https://blog.duolingo.com/2024-duolingo-language-report/
In the excerpt “...the language-learning app Duolingo conducted a survey...”, the underlined nominal structure follows a specific pattern of modification. Which of the following options CORRECTLY identifies the grammatical function of the components and the core "head" of this noun phrase?
A
The entire phrase is a “verb-headed” structure because “learning” indicates a continuous action being performed by the app.
B
“Language” is the head noun, while “learning”, “app”, and “Duolingo” are post-modifiers providing specific details.
C
“Language-learning app” is a tripartite compound noun where “language” is the primary head and “app” is a suffix.
D
“App” is a verb in this context, and “language-learning” is a gerund phrase acting as the subject of the sentence.
E
“Language-learning” acts as a compound adjective modifying the head noun “app”, while “Duolingo” functions as a proper noun.