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In the sentence "Per port officials, this interoperability...
Text III
Read the text below and choose the correct option in questions (12th-17th).
World's First Hydrogen-Powered Tugboat
By Zahra Ahmed
The Port of Antwerp-Bruges aims to become a major European green-energy gateway and achieve climate-neutral operations by 2050. Hence, the port authority is revamping its fleet and experimenting with several lowemission propulsion systems. The facility has had two hybrid enforcement vessels, and in late 2023, it also launched Hydrotug 1, the world's first hydrogen-powered tugboat.
Hydrotug 1 is 30.17 m long, 12.5 m wide, weighs 678.8 tons and possesses a bollard pulling power of 65 tons. The port placed the order for the tug in 2019 from the Antwerp-based company Compagnie Maritime Belge (CMB). The hydrogen-powered tug is equipped with BeHydro V12 dual-fuel medium-speed engines that can operate on a mix of hydrogen and diesel. Though diesel is required to ignite the hydrogen, the tug can be powered entirely by diesel, in case an issue with the hydrogen drive arises. Per port officials, this interoperability is necessary for a tug like this. Additionally, the tug can store up to 415 kilograms of compressed hydrogen in its 54 gas cylinders, which are installed on the deck, eliminating emissions equivalent to those of 350 cars.
The construction of the tug involved European expertise as it was built at Armon Shipyards in Navia, Spain, where it hit the waters on May 16, 2022 and arrived in Ostend in October of the same year to be fitted with a hydrogen system. The engines were made in Belgium, the generators in Sweden, and the exhaust system in Switzerland. The wheelhouse was designed by Alphatron Marine, while the hydrogen tech was the work of CMB TECH. The towing winch and anchor winches came from Brusselle Winches & Steering Gear from Zeebrugge.
Hydrogen is the simplest and most abundant element in the universe and occurs as hydrogen gas in its pure form. It can play a crucial role in the transition to a 1. ______ and more sustainable world, and 2. ______ its production is quite energy-intensive, it does not generate emissions 3. ______ burned. The launch of Hydrotug 1 is a milestone 4. ______ zero-emissions shipping and highlights that stakeholders 5. ______ Antwerp, Belgium and Europe are keen 6. ______ transition to cleaner fuels. Per CMB TECH, the tug's engines reduce the traditional fuel consumption by a whopping 65% and associated emissions in the vessel's overall operational lifespan.
Jacques Vandermeiren, CEO of Port of Antwerp-Bruges, said that hydrogen has the least harmful impact on the environment, which positions it as one of the alternative fuels of the future. He added that the Port of Antwerp-Bruges wishes to develop it to achieve its full potential and become a pioneer of Europe's hydrogen economy. Integrating the tug in port operations provides the perfect opportunity to test this technology on a large scale and set an example for other port facilities, he stated. Port of Antwerp-Bruges is also planning to import, process, and locally produce green hydrogen and hydrogen carriers like methanol and ammonia. This is part of Belgium's strategy to position itself as an import and transit centre for green hydrogen in Europe. However, for this, Belgium requires renewable hydrogen in massive quantities, which will have to be imported.
(Adapted from: https://www.marineinsight.com/)
In the sentence "Per port officials, this interoperability is necessary for a tug like this" the word "per" can be correctly replaced by:
A
owing to.
B
with regard to.
C
notwithstanding.
D
according to.
E
regardless of.