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Science must be value-free to be objective, as recommended...
1
Q602625
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Text related to items from 16 to 25.
1 The recent drastic development of agriculture,
together with the growing societal interest in agricultural
practices and their consequences, pose a challenge to
4 agricultural science. There is a need for rethinking the
general methodology of agricultural research. This paper
takes some steps towards developing a systemic research
7 methodology that can meet this challenge — a general
self-reflexive methodology that forms a basis for doing
holistic or (with a better term) wholeness-oriented research
10 and provides appropriate criteria of scientific quality. From
a philosophy of research perspective, science is seen as an
interactive learning process with both a cognitive and a
13 social communicative aspect. This means, first of all, that
science plays a role in the world that it studies. A science that
influences its own subject area, such as agricultural science,
16 is named a systemic science. From this perspective, there is
a need to reconsider the role of values in science. Science is
not objective in the sense of being value-free. Values play,
19 and ought to play, an important role in science — not only in
form of constitutive values such as the norms of good
science, but also in the form of contextual values that enter
22 into the very process of science. This goes against the
traditional criterion of objectivity. Therefore, reflexive
objectivity is suggested as a new criterion for doing good
25 science, along with the criterion of relevance. Reflexive
objectivity implies that the communication of science must
include the cognitive context, which comprises the societal,
28 intentional, and observational context.
Internet:<www.springerlink.com/(ki41qf55sf3ene3ldnx4vy55)/app/h ome/contribution.asp?referrer=parent&backto=issue,2,12;journal,15,80;linkingpublicationresults,1:102841,1>(with adaptations).
Based on the text above, judge the following items.
Science must be value-free to be objective, as recommended by its practitioners.
C
Certo
E
Errado