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Semantic relations in English determine how meaning is constructed and how lexical items relate to each other within a specific context. Analyze the following statements:
I.Hyponymy is a relationship of inclusion, where the meaning of a more specific term (the hyponym) is included within the meaning of a more general term (the hypernym).
II.Antonymy always involves absolute opposites, meaning that words like "hot" and "cold" cannot be placed on a scale or modified by adverbs of degree in formal registers.
III.Polysemy refers to a single lexical item that possesses multiple related meanings, often originating from the same etymological root or metaphorical extension.
Which of the statements above is/are CORRECT?
A
II only.
B
I and III only.
C
I, II, and III.
D
III only.
Stylistics deals with the variation in language use according to context, purpose, and audience. Mark the CORRECT alternative.
A
Euphemisms are stylistic devices used only to insult the interlocutor by using harsh and direct language to describe unpleasant or taboo topics in a public speech.
B
Alliteration and assonance are rhetorical figures used exclusively in narrative prose to prevent the reader from identifying the rhythmic patterns of the text.
C
The use of the passive voice is strictly prohibited in scientific reports, as formal style requires the constant presence of a first-person singular subject to ensure emotional engagement.
D
Register refers to the variety of language used in specific social or professional situations, involving choices in vocabulary and syntax that range from highly formal to informal.
Lexicology studies the vocabulary of a language, including collocations and the internal structure of the lexicon. Mark the CORRECT alternative.
A
A semantic field refers to a group of words that share the same phonetic origin, regardless of whether their meanings are related to a specific topic like "medicine" or "sports".
B
False cognates (false friends) are words that share a similar spelling and the same semantic meaning in two languages, facilitating the direct translation process for beginners.
C
Homonyms are words that have exactly the same meaning in all contexts but are spelled differently, acting as perfect synonyms to increase the stylistic variety of a text.
D
Collocations are conventional word combinations that sound natural to native speakers, such as "make a mistake" or "do homework", where substituting a synonym would sound idiomatically awkward.
In the final paragraph, the author argues that the “spin-off argument” for space exploration is “inefficient.” Which of the following words acts as a proper antonym for “inefficient” as it is used in the text?
A
Elaborate.
B
Expensive.
C
Redundant.
D
Productive.
E
Fragmented.
Cohesion and coherence are fundamental properties of a text that ensure it functions as a unified whole. Analyze the following statements regarding these concepts:
I- Cohesion refers to the linguistic links and cues within a text (such as pronouns, conjunctions, and ellipsis) that connect one part of the sentence or text to another.
II- Coherence is primarily concerned with the underlying semantic logic and the “make-sense-ness” of a text, often relying on the reader's world knowledge and the context of situation.
III- The use of conjunctions (e.g., however, therefore) is a mechanism of lexical cohesion, whereas the use of synonyms and superordinates represents grammatical cohesion.
IV- A text may possess high grammatical cohesion but lack coherence if the linked sentences do not follow a logical progression of ideas or fail to relate to a central theme.
A
Only I, II, and IV.
B
Only III and IV.
C
Only II and III.
D
Only I.
E
I, II, III and IV.
Choose the alternative in which the connector expresses contrast.
A
therefore
B
because
C
although
D
furthermore
E
consequently
In the sentence "She runs a successful company," the verb "runs" means "manages." Choose the alternative in which the verb "run" is used with a different meaning.
A
They run a small restaurant downtown.
B
My uncle runs an international business.
C
She runs the marketing department efficiently.
D
The children run every morning in the park.
E
He runs a technology company with his brother.
Choose the alternative in which the pair of words are antonyms.
A
begin - start
B
large - huge
C
modern - contemporary
D
increase - reduce
E
clever - intelligent
Concerning dependent prepositions, all sentences are correct, EXCEPT:
A
He didn't want to boast about his high scores.
B
She was accused of leaking confidential data.
C
She was praised for her dedication to the project.
D
He was responsible for supervising the team.
E
The report provides the boss about the risks.
Choose the alternative in which all four collocations with "do" and "make" are correct.
A
do an effort/ make a decision/ make homework/ do progress
B
make an appointment/ do a mistake/ make research/ do a suggestion
C
make a crime/ do a choice/ make a favor/ do an exam
D
do business/ make a complaint/ make an effort/ do harm
E
do a plan/ make damage/ do a speech/ make a test
In which alternative, is the extract "I wouldn't want anyone to think we weren't aware of the potential hazards" rewritten using a cleft sentence?
A
Cave did highlight the school's awareness of the potential hazards.
B
Cave herself highlighted the school's awareness of the potential hazards.
C
According to Cave, the school was definitely aware of the potential hazards.
D
The awareness of the potential hazards were highlighted by Cave.
E
What Cave did was highlight the school's awareness of the potential hazards.
Identify the excerpt that can be added to the text with minimal changes to its meaning.
A
A Chinese tech company is developing a humanoid robot with an artificial womb (= ventre) to grow and deliver babies without the need for a human body.
B
Bruno, the kitchen robot, prepares a feast customized to your specific dietary requirements, allergies, and mushroom preferences.
C
AI and robotics will automate various industries, transforming how we live and work in the near future.
D
The ingestible robotic capsule safely navigates the stomach to detect ulcers.
Mark the alternative in which the word “rather” is used with the same meaning as in line 30.
A
The initial feedback from the board was rather encouraging for the researchers.
B
The client said that he would rather schedule the meeting for next Tuesday.
C
They decided to travel by train rather than taking a flight.
D
It was a rather complicated task, but we managed to complete it on time.
The blank numbered as “5” could be CORRECTLY filled by:
A
Focus.
B
Focusing.
C
Focuses.
D
Focused.
The blank numbered as “1” could be CORRECTLY filled by:
A
Your.
B
His.
C
Their.
D
The.
The underlined word ‘which’ (2nd paragraph) could be replaced in the sentence CORRECTLY and without any major change in meaning for:
A
That.
B
What.
C
Who.
D
None of the options above.
In the sentence “a friend called to inform him that the local river was about to overflow,” the expression ‘was about to’ indicates that the river:
A
had already overflowed earlier that day.
B
was expected to overflow in the distant future.
C
was on the verge of overflowing at that moment.
D
used to overflow regularly during storms.
E
might overflow depending on future rainfall.
The pronoun in bold “they” in the sentence “They found that each additional month [...]” (l. 06) refers to:
A
Countries.
B
Researchers.
C
Rising temperatures.
D
Percentage points.
In the excerpt “Most are being bought privately through online pharmacies” (l. 10), the word “through” is used to indicate:
A
A specific period of time in the future.
B
The physical location where people live.
C
The medium or means used to acquire the drugs.
D
A comparison between different brands of medication.
Complete the sentences with the correct time prepositions.
I. The meeting will start ___ 3:45 PM.
II. She was born ___ August.
III. The exam will take place ___ Tuesday.
Which alternative correctly completes the sentences?
A
at – on – in
B
in – at – on
C
on – in – at
D
at – in – on
E
in – on – at
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