Questões de Concurso sobre Vocabulário

During a ransomware hack, attackers infiltrate a target’s computer system and encrypt its data. They then demand a payment before they will release the decryption key to free the system. This type of extortion has existed for decades, but in the 2010s it exploded in popularity, with online gangs holding local governments, infrastructure and even hospitals hostage. Ransomware is a collective problem—and solving it will require collaborative action from companies, the government and international partners.

As long as victims keep paying, hackers will keep profiting from this type of attack. But cybersecurity experts are divided on whether the government should prohibit the paying of ransoms. Such a ban would disincentivize hackers, but it would also place some organizations in a moral quandary. For, say, a hospital, unlocking the computer systems as quickly as possible could be a matter of life or death for patients, and the fastest option may be to pay up.

Collective action can help. If all organizations that fall victim to ransomware report their attacks, they will contribute to a trove of valuable data, which can be used to strike back against attackers. For example, certain ransomware gangs may use the exact same type of encryption in all their attacks. “White hat” hackers can and do study these trends, which allows them to retrieve and publish the decryption keys for specific types of ransomware. Many companies, however, remain reluctant to admit they have experienced a breach, wishing to avoid potential bad press. Overcoming that reluctance may require legislation, such as a bill introduced in the Senate last year that would require companies to report having paid a ransom within 24 hours of the transaction.

Internet: <www.scientificamerican.com> (adapted).

the word “quandary” could be correctly replaced by dilemma without any change in the meaning of the sentence.

In the passage “Through the influence of Dr. Bryan Charles Waller, his mother’s lodger, he prepared (...)” the term “lodger” means

Consider the sentences below:

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I.Gait is the pattern of movement common.

II.Go to gate 6, please!

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The words gate and gait are:

The adverbs “swiftly” and “speedily” (first and second paragraphs, respectively) both mean quickly.

In the last paragraph, Vidal admits that, unlike himself, Alec Guinness and Terry Southern are not nostalgic.

The word “forestalled” in line 20 could be replaced by prevented without changing the meaning of the sentence.

In line 34, the word “allegiance” could be replaced with loyalty without changing the meaning of the sentence.

Marque a expressão que é usada para horas exatas em inglês:

In line 43, the word “appreciated” could be replaced with enjoyed without changing the meaning of the sentence.

The first speaker in the text is praying only for forgiveness.

In line 12, the word “bound” could be replaced by constrained without changing the meaning of the sentence.

In line 14, the word “both” is used as a pronoun for the antecedent “double business bound” (line 12).

In lines 2, 11, and 12, the word “breach” could not be replaced by severance in any of the situations without changing the meaning of the sentences.

In the context of the first and second paragraphs, the word “tackle” means

Match the words in column 1 with their definitions in column 2.

Coluna 1 Words

1. survive

2. support

3. reliable

4. threat

Coluna 2 Definitions

( ) a person or thing with trustworthy qualities.

( ) continue to live or exist.

( ) a thing or a person likely to cause damage.

( ) give assistance to, especially financially.

Choose the alternative which presents the correct sequence, from top to bottom.

The discourse marker “as” can have a variety of meanings, depending on the context. In the fragment “as they provide valuable resources to the acquisition of competence” (Text 2, paragraph 1), it means the same as

No trecho For any organization, building and managing its own IT infrastructure or data centers is a huge challenge (1^o parágrafo), o segmento sublinhado tem sentido equivalente, em português, a

Choose the option that correctly completes the blanks below.

I - John acted ______ he had never seen her before.

II - She's got an interview today, ______ the new dress.

IlI - He'II be back next month ______ there is a bus strike.

IV - Thanks for your support. We wouldn't have finished it in time ______.

The invasion of Ukraine is wreaking havoc on global shipping. That means it __________ international freight.

ln the sentence "While the U.S. Navy is steaming full speed ahead in developing unmanned surface and undersea drenes to auqment the fleet [ ... ]" (para. 1 ), the verb "augment" means: