Questões de Concurso sobre Vocabulário

Choose the right alternative:

“Jane read all these books by ________.”

According to the text, the word Dazzling means:

In the passage “The United Nations should revisit its own calculations.” (line 29), the underlined word can be correctly replaced with reconsider.

From 1967 to 2008, the poverty rate among people over sixty-five

The passage “the text didn’t read the same” (line 4) considers that the treaty had different meanings in Amharic and in Italian.

Schools of thought: can mindfulness lessons boost child

mental health?

Children are taking 10 minutes out from the hurly burly school

day to reflect on their thoughts and their feelings. Some ground

themselves by thinking about their feet on the floor, while others

concentrate on their breathing.

This is mindfulness, the lessons quickly growing in popularity

as an antidote to the stress of being a young person in the 21st century,

be it pressure to perform in exams, social media, or the obsession with

body image that is reported to even affect primary age children.

Children are learning about their brains and how to deal with

unruly thoughts – to control emotions such as anger and fear. It is no

longer head, shoulders, knees and toes, but amygdala, hippocampus

and pre-frontal cortex.

The most recent NHS survey of young people’s mental health

in 2017 shows one-in-eight 5- to 19-year-olds in England has a

diagnosable mental health condition. Hospital admissions for anorexia

alone more than doubled in the eight years to 2017/18.

Stress is a known barrier to learning and a growing number of

schools are targeting the emotional health of pupils through schemes

such as meditation, mindfulness and the provision of mental health first

aiders and buddies.

The Mental Health Foundation charity wants emotional

wellbeing to be at the heart of the school curriculum, and has chosen

body image as the key theme of this year’s Mental Health Awareness

Week. Dr Antonis Kousoulis, its assistant director, said its survey last

year found 47% of people aged 18-24 had experienced stress over their

body image to the extent of being overwhelmed or unable to cope.

“Social media has certainly played a part,” he says. “Historically, it was

the mirror that was the main driver of perception of our image and how

we thought others perceived us. Nowadays, young people are exposed

almost on a 24/7 basis to manipulated and heavily edited images,

whether that’s in advertising or photos of their friends.”

Over the past five years there has been a proliferation of

mindfulness organisations and companies selling lesson plans and staff

training to schools. But does it work?

Secondary school teacher Richard Burnett, who founded the

Mindfulness in Schools Project 10 years ago, warns against “quick fix”

approaches. “We are a charity started by teachers who wanted to teach

children how best to manage their thoughts and feelings and deal with

the rollercoaster of being a young person,” he says.

It has two training courses for teachers – one aimed at

secondary students and another for younger classes. “It’s about training

your attention to notice what is going on. If you are aware of that, you

can choose how to respond, for example to manage the amygdala, the

part of the brain that detects fear and prepares a response,” he says.

Emotional disorders are on the rise, and we should instil

something in our children and young people about coping with stress,

advises Lee Hudson, the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child

Health’s mental health lead. But should it be mindfulness? There is

evidence that the process can bring benefits to adults, he says. “[But]

the evidence for its effectiveness with children is not yet sufficiently

robust and we need more research. However, some schools are rolling

it out and children seem to enjoy it – and it unlikely to cause harm.”

(Available in: https://www.theguardian.com/society/2019/may/16/mindfulnesslessons-

child-mental-health. Accessed on May 17th, 2019. Adapted.)

What does the word “unruly” in paragraph 3 mean?

Questions 32-33 are based on the following passage:

Why 'Run' Is The Most Complex Word in the English Language

BY EMILY PETSKO

English can be hard for other language speakers to learn. To

use just one example, there are at least eight different ways of

expressing events in the future, and conditional tenses are another

matter entirely. For evidence of the many nuances and inconsistencies

of the English tongue, look no further than this tricky poem penned in

1920. (For a sample: “Hiccough has the sound of cup. My advice is to

give up!”)

As author Simon Winchester wrote for The New York Times,

there’s one English word in particular that’s deceptively simple: run. As

a verb, it boasts a record-setting 645 definitions. Peter Gilliver, a

lexicographer and associate editor of the Oxford English Dictionary,

spent nine months sussing out its many shades of meaning.

“You might think this word simply means ‘to go with quick

steps on alternate feet, never having both or (in the case of many

animals) all feet on the ground at the same time,’” Winchester writes.

“But no such luck: that is merely sense, and there are miles to go before

the reader of this particular entry may sleep.”

This wasn’t always the case, though. When the first edition of

the Oxford English Dictionary was published in 1928, the word with the

most definitions was set. However, the word put later outpaced it, and

run eventually overtook them both as the English language's most

complex word. Winchester thinks this evolution is partly due to

advancements in technology (for instance, “a train runs on tracks” and

“an iPad runs apps”).

He believes the widespread use of run—and its intricate web

of meanings—is also a reflection of our times. “It is a feature of our more

sort of energetic and frantic times that set and put seem, in a peculiar

way, sort of rather stodgy, rather conservative,” Gilliver told NPR in an

interview.

So the next time you tell your boss you "want to run an idea"

by them, know that you’re unconsciously expressing your enthusiasm—

as well as all the other subtleties wrapped up in run that previous words

like set failed to capture.

(Available in: http://mentalfloss.com/article/582820/run-most-complex-word-inenglish-

language. Accessed on May 17th, 2019. Adapted.)

Which of the following phrases is true about the the word “run”?

The word that best summarizes the poetic persona’s feelings in the last stanza is

Choose the best dialogue completion:

“Did you visit the Louvre Museum when you were in Paris?” “No, I didn’t. But now I wish I ________”

No Texto IV, o termo "cutting-edge" tem o mesmo significado que:

Choose the alternative that presents a synonym to the word ‘owe’ (l.26):

‘Moreover’ (l.05) could be replaced by:

Consider the use of the word ‘wiring’ on line 16 and analyse the following statements:

I. It is a verb.

II. It refers to ‘a system of metals’.

III. It could be loosely interpreted as the connections of the nervous system.

Which ones are INCORRECT?

The word “eased” in “Since the stress involved in trying to understand a foreign language is eased” can be replaced without change of meaning by

Which of the following represent only manners of articulation?

The first word in the sentence “Hence our view of the EFL classroom, at least in Brazil, as an ideal space for the development of citizenship” indicates that the authors

The word “while” in “to address the deep wound of racial inequality while demonstrating its profound inability” (#4) is the same as

Consider the statements about the word ‘yet’ (l.30):

I. It could be replaced by ‘so far’.

II. It is classified as an adverb.

III. It could be removed without affecting the meaning.

Which ones are correct?

In the sentence “When there’s no break from the heat at night, it can cause discomfort and lead to health problems, especially for those who are low income or elderly, if access to cooling is limited” (3^rd paragraph), the words ‘especially’ and ‘who’ can be replaced, respectively, with no change in meaning, by to

Consider the use of the expression ‘to land a job’ (l.16).

I. It is an idiomatic expression.

II. It means ‘to find a job and be hired’.

III. It is a formal expression.

Which ones are INCORRECT?