Natural gas waits for its moment Paul StenquistasdCars and trucks powered by natural gas make upa significant portion of the vehicle fleet in many partsof the world. Iran has more than two million natural gasvehicles on the road. As of 2009, Argentina had more5 than 1.8 million in operation and almost 2,000 naturalgas filling stations. Brazil was not far behind. Italy andGermany have substantial natural gas vehicle fleets.Is America next?asdWith natural gas in plentiful supply at bargain10 prices in the United States, issues that have limited itsuse in cars are being rethought, and its market sharecould increase, perhaps substantially.asdAccording to Energy Department PriceInformation from July, natural gas offers economic15 advantages over gasoline and diesel fuels. If agasoline-engine vehicle can take you 40 miles onone gallon, the same vehicle running on compressednatural gas can do it for about $1.50 less at today’sprices. To that savings add lower maintenance costs.20A study of New York City cabs running on naturalgas found that oil changes need not be as frequentbecause of the clean burn of the fuel, and exhaust-system parts last longer because natural gas is lesscorrosive than other fuels.25asdToday, those economic benefits are nullified bythe initial cost of a natural gas vehicle — 20 to 30percent more than a comparable gasoline-enginevehicle. But were production to increase significantly,economies of scale would bring prices down. In an30 interview by phone, Jon Coleman, fleet sustainabilitymanager at the Ford Motor Company, said that givensufficient volume, the selling price of natural gasvehicles could be comparable to that of conventionalvehicles.35asdIt may be years before the economic benefitsof natural gas vehicles can be realized, but theenvironmental benefits appear to be immediate.According to the Energy Department’s website,natural gas vehicles have smaller carbon footprints than40 gasoline or diesel automobiles, even when taking intoaccount the natural gas production process, whichreleases carbon-rich methane into the atmosphere.asdThe United States government appears to favornatural gas as a motor vehicle fuel. To promote the45 production of vehicles with fewer carbon emissions, ithas allowed automakers to count certain vehicle typesmore than once when calculating their CorporateAverage Fuel Economy, under regulations mandatinga fleet average of 54.5 miles per gallon by 2025.50 Plug-in hybrids and natural gas vehicles can becounted 1.6 times under the CAFE standards, andelectric vehicles can be counted twice.asdAdapting natural gas as a vehicle fuel introducesengineering challenges. While the fuel burns clean, it55 is less energy dense than gasoline, so if it is burnedin an engine designed to run on conventional fuel,performance and efficiency are degraded.asdBut since natural gas has an octane rating of 130,compared with 93 for the best gasoline, an engine60 designed for it can run with very high cylinder pressure,which would cause a regular gasoline engine to knockfrom premature ignition. More cylinder pressure yieldsmore power, and thus the energy-density advantageof gasoline can be nullified.[...]65dUntil the pressurized fuel tanks of natural gasvehicles can be easily and quickly refueled, the fleetcannot grow substantially. The number of commercialrefueling stations for compressed natural gas has beenincreasing at a rate of 16 percent yearly, the Energy70 Department says. And, while the total is still small,advances in refueling equipment should increasethe rate of expansion. Much of the infrastructure isalready in place: America has millions of miles ofnatural gas pipeline. Connecting that network to75 refueling equipment is not difficult.asdAlthough commercial refueling stations will benecessary to support a substantial fleet of natural gasvehicles, home refueling may be the magic bullet thatmakes the vehicles practical. Electric vehicles depend80 largely on home charging and most have less than halfthe range of a fully fueled natural gas vehicle. Somecompressed natural gas home refueling products areavailable, but they can cost as much as $5,000.asdSeeking to change that, the Energy Department85 has awarded grants to a number of companies in aneffort to develop affordable home-refueling equipment.[...]Available at: Retrieved on: Sept 3rd, 2014. Adapted. Considere o trecho da planilha construída no aplicativo Excel 2010 (Português), apresentada abaixo, no qual a fórmula=B1*(1+B2)^B3foi digitada na célula B4O usuário da planilha também deseja calcular a quantidade necessária de meses para obter um Valor futuro do investimento de R$ 30.000,00. Para fazer isso, pretende usar um recurso disponível entre as funcionalidades do Excel, que altera o valor lançado na célula B4, mas não por lançamento direto nessa célula. Opta, então, por calcular, automaticamente, um novo valor para a célula B3.Qual é a funcionalidade do Excel 2010 (Português), que faz esse cálculo, automaticamente, mantendo a fórmula que está na célula B4?

Considere o trecho da planilha construída no aplicativo...

Q1806120

Informática Suítes ou Pacotes de Escritório

Ano: 2015

Banca: Fundação CESGRANRIO - CESGRANRIO

Prova: CESGRANRIO - Petrobras Distribuidora S.A. - Profissional Júnior - Área Direito - 2015

Considere o trecho da planilha construída no aplicativo Excel 2010 (Português), apresentada abaixo, no qual a fórmula

=B1*(1+B2)^B3

foi digitada na célula B4

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O usuário da planilha também deseja calcular a quantidade necessária de meses para obter um Valor futuro do investimento de R$ 30.000,00. Para fazer isso, pretende usar um recurso disponível entre as funcionalidades do Excel, que altera o valor lançado na célula B4, mas não por lançamento direto nessa célula. Opta, então, por calcular, automaticamente, um novo valor para a célula B3.

Qual é a funcionalidade do Excel 2010 (Português), que faz esse cálculo, automaticamente, mantendo a fórmula que está na célula B4?

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