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In an English class at a Brazilian state school, the...
In an English class at a Brazilian state school, the teacher puts a recording on for students to listen to it: two native speakers in a conversation in a café. Before listening to the recording, she elicits many students” existing knowledge by projecting a menu, teaching key vocabulary (e.g., “espresso,” “takeaway,” “change”), and asking learners what they typically order at cafés. She plays the recording two times next; the first time for general comprehension, and the second time with some particular activities (such as noting the prices or items ordered). After that, students pair up and role-play a similar conversation with the expressions they heard. Which principle of instruction on listening does the teacher clearly demonstrate in this way?
A
Listening activities should focus exclusively on students" ability to transcribe a text spoken by a native speaker.
B
Listening comprehension should begin with controlled pronunciation drills.
C
Effective listening instruction consists of three stages: pre-listening, while-listening, and post-listening.
D
After all contact with the spoken language or recorded lessons, listening skills should be subject to spontaneous practice.
E
Listening instruction is most effective when students are exposed only to authentic materials without the needs to prior preparation or follow-up activities.