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Consider two teachers: • Teacher A applies a written exam...

Consider two teachers:


• Teacher A applies a written exam at the end of the semester, grades it, and files the results for administrative purposes.

• Teacher B conducts regular portfolio reviews, provides oral feedback, and adapts activities according to students' progress.


Based on contemporary theories of assessment, which statement is correct?


A

Teacher A applies diagnostic assessment, because exams identify learning difficulties before the process begins.


B

Teacher B applies summative assessment, because portfolio reviews are used only at the end of the process.


C

Teacher A applies formative assessment, because grades summarize learning outcomes.


D

Teacher B applies formative assessment, because the focus is on feedback and process-oriented improvement.