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Within the framework of Computer-Assisted Language Learning...
Within the framework of Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL), the distinction between communication modes is essential for instructional design. According to the structural properties of digital interaction, "Asynchronous Communication" is characterized by:
KERN, R. Technology and language learning. In: SIMPSON, J. (Ed.). The Routledge Handbook of Applied Linguistics. London: Routledge, 2011.
A
Exchange of information occurring with a time delay, such as in discussion forums or electronic mail.
B
Immediate oral feedback provided by the instructor during a live streaming session or webinar.
C
Real-time video conferencing where participants engage in simultaneous visual and auditory interaction.
D
Synchronous instant messaging sessions that require all users to be online at the same moment.
E
Voice-only communication taking place in a traditional language lab during a synchronous lesson.