Which alternative best reflects a central principle of the...

Learners develop language more effectively when they use it to exchange purposeful messages, solve tasks, and understand others in meaningful situations.

Language is best learned when students memorize grammatical structures and translate isolated sentences with maximum accuracy.

Students should first master pronunciation drills and sentence repetition before being allowed to interact freely.

Vocabulary should be taught through bilingual word lists, since fluency depends on direct equivalence between two languages.

The teacher should avoid spontaneous interaction and focus primarily on written correction to prevent fossilized errors.