Questões de Concurso sobre Vocabulário

The word “former” (line 5) refers to someone who created the Treaty.

Choose the correct translation to the words in bold:

“Depression, an extreme feeling of sadness and hopelessness, can be the result of continued and increasing stress.”

“Cut it out!”.

What does this sentence mean?

Schools of thought: can mindfulness lessons boost child

mental health?

Children are taking 10 minutes out from the hurly burly school

day to reflect on their thoughts and their feelings. Some ground

themselves by thinking about their feet on the floor, while others

concentrate on their breathing.

This is mindfulness, the lessons quickly growing in popularity

as an antidote to the stress of being a young person in the 21st century,

be it pressure to perform in exams, social media, or the obsession with

body image that is reported to even affect primary age children.

Children are learning about their brains and how to deal with

unruly thoughts – to control emotions such as anger and fear. It is no

longer head, shoulders, knees and toes, but amygdala, hippocampus

and pre-frontal cortex.

The most recent NHS survey of young people’s mental health

in 2017 shows one-in-eight 5- to 19-year-olds in England has a

diagnosable mental health condition. Hospital admissions for anorexia

alone more than doubled in the eight years to 2017/18.

Stress is a known barrier to learning and a growing number of

schools are targeting the emotional health of pupils through schemes

such as meditation, mindfulness and the provision of mental health first

aiders and buddies.

The Mental Health Foundation charity wants emotional

wellbeing to be at the heart of the school curriculum, and has chosen

body image as the key theme of this year’s Mental Health Awareness

Week. Dr Antonis Kousoulis, its assistant director, said its survey last

year found 47% of people aged 18-24 had experienced stress over their

body image to the extent of being overwhelmed or unable to cope.

“Social media has certainly played a part,” he says. “Historically, it was

the mirror that was the main driver of perception of our image and how

we thought others perceived us. Nowadays, young people are exposed

almost on a 24/7 basis to manipulated and heavily edited images,

whether that’s in advertising or photos of their friends.”

Over the past five years there has been a proliferation of

mindfulness organisations and companies selling lesson plans and staff

training to schools. But does it work?

Secondary school teacher Richard Burnett, who founded the

Mindfulness in Schools Project 10 years ago, warns against “quick fix”

approaches. “We are a charity started by teachers who wanted to teach

children how best to manage their thoughts and feelings and deal with

the rollercoaster of being a young person,” he says.

It has two training courses for teachers – one aimed at

secondary students and another for younger classes. “It’s about training

your attention to notice what is going on. If you are aware of that, you

can choose how to respond, for example to manage the amygdala, the

part of the brain that detects fear and prepares a response,” he says.

Emotional disorders are on the rise, and we should instil

something in our children and young people about coping with stress,

advises Lee Hudson, the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child

Health’s mental health lead. But should it be mindfulness? There is

evidence that the process can bring benefits to adults, he says. “[But]

the evidence for its effectiveness with children is not yet sufficiently

robust and we need more research. However, some schools are rolling

it out and children seem to enjoy it – and it unlikely to cause harm.”

(Available in: https://www.theguardian.com/society/2019/may/16/mindfulnesslessons-

child-mental-health. Accessed on May 17th, 2019. Adapted.)

The word 'overwhelmed’' highlighted in paragraph 6 could be best replaced by

Based on text CB1A3-I, decide which of the statements below is correct.

Embracing Change

I have taught brilliant students of color, many of them seniors, who have skillfully managed never to speak in classroom settings. Some express the feeling that they are less likely to suffer any kind of assault if they simply do not assert their subjectivity. They have told me that many professors never showed any interest in hearing their voices. Accepting the decentering of the West globally, embracing multiculturalism, compels educators to focus attention on the issue of voice. Who speaks? Who listens? And why? Caring about whether all students fulfill their responsibility to contribute to learning in the classroom is not a common approach in what Freire has called the “banking system of education” where students are regarded merely as passive consumers. Since so many professors teach from that standpoint, it is difficult to create the kind of learning community that can fully embrace multiculturalism. Students are much more willing to surrender their dependency on the banking system of education than are their teachers. They are also much more willing to face the challenge of multiculturalism.

Multiculturalism compels educators to recognize the narrow boundaries that have shaped the way knowledge is shared in the classroom. It forces us all to recognize our complicity in accepting and perpetuating biases of any kind. Students are eager to break through barriers to knowing. They are willing to surrender to the wonder of relearning and learning ways of knowing that go against the grain. When we, as educators, allow our pedagogy to be radically changed by our recognition of a multicultural world, we can give students the education they desire and deserve. We can teach in ways that transform consciousness, creating a climate of free expression that is the essence of education.

Adapted from hooks, b. Teaching to Transgress: A Education as a Practice of Freedom. London/New York: Routledge, 1994.

Read the highlighted sentence in the text above. The cohesive device “since” can be substituted for:

The word “terrible” in paragraph 13, it could be replaced by:

Mark the alternative that correctly replaces the expression ‘Bearing this in mind’ (l.25).

The word “Thus”, in the second paragraph, can be correctly replaced by

The expression “as well as” in “as well as honors for Mahershala Ali as Best Supporting Actor and Nick Vallelonga” indicates

Call your mother immediately when you can—she's very worried about you.

According to the context, the bold item can be replaced by:

Read this excerpt from one of the previous texts:

“There must be training sites where teachers have the opportunity to express those concerns while also learning to create ways to approach the multicultural classroom and curriculum.”

Without changing the meaning of the sentences, it is correct to substitute the modal must in the beginning of the sentence for:

“When Andy got home, he found the door ajar.” Choose the option that defines the underlined word.

The word “however” highlighted in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to

The best word to complete this sentence “_______ the decline in the traditional pub…” (paragraph 6) is

Select the words that fill the blank of lines 05, 06 and 22.

Match the meaning of the following words:

1- live part;

2- puncture;

3- overload;

4- insulation;

5- troubleshooting.

( ) a material having a high resistance to the flow of electric current;

( ) the term used when a disruptive discharge occurs through a solid dielectric. A disruptive discharge in a solid dielectric produces a permanent loss of dielectric strength; in a liquid of gaseous dielectric, the loss may be only temporary;

( ) electric conductors, buses, terminals, or components that are uninsulated or exposed and an electric shock hazard exists;

( ) a procedure for the purpose of locating and identifying electrical problems within an electrical system;

( ) operation of equipment in excess of normal, full-load rating, or of a conductor in excess of rated ampacity that, when it persists for a sufficient length of time, would cause damage or dangerous overheating.

Considerando as novas possibilidades de interação que geram profundas transformações nas sociedades, associe os conceitos às respectivas definições.

Conceitos

(1) Culture

(2) Globalization

(3) Multiculturalism

(4) Interculturality

(5) Transculturality

Definições

( ) Often used, in literature, in the following meanings: cross-cultural competence, identitary continuum and plural sense of self.

( ) Complex concept viewed, after the 1970s, as a permeable and very dynamic ‘web of significance’ woven by human practices and representations.

( ) Broadly defined as an unprecedented world stage of increasing economic, social and cultural interconnectedness, according to widely cited authors Held and Mc Grew.

( ) Often used to express the right to difference in relations to a dualistic nature between minorities or marginalized cultures and the majority or dominant cultures, which have tended to be conflictive.

( ) More properly used to characterize specific public policies for managing culturally diverse societies in the industrial world, such as Canada, New Zealand, the USA and the United Kingdom.

A sequência correta dessa associação é

Analyze the items below.

I - […] there were digs thrown at me for being from an one-parent family.

II - Witness a history of racial injustice at two new museums in Alabama and Mississippi.

III - Please switch off your terminal, leave it for one minute and then reset it.

IV - A dazed Ousted was down on the ground for a minute but stayed in the game.

Observing the underlined noun phrases, choose the correct option.

Com relação às escolhas lexicais do autor do texto, pode-se afirmar que: