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Questões de Concurso sobre Gramática - Língua Inglesa
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A análise gramatical distingue os conceitos de frase, oração e período com base na presença de verbos e na estrutura do sentido completo. Acerca do assunto, registre V, para as afirmativas verdadeiras, e F, para as falsas:
(__)Frase é todo enunciado de sentido completo, podendo ser nominal, quando não possui verbos, ou verbal, quando se organiza em torno de um núcleo verbal.
(__)Oração é a frase ou parte da frase que se estrutura obrigatoriamente em torno de um verbo ou locução verbal, possuindo necessariamente sujeito e predicado.
(__)Período simples é aquele constituído por apenas uma oração, denominada oração absoluta, apresentando um único núcleo verbal ou locução verbal.
(__)O período composto por subordinação apresenta orações que possuem autonomia sintática plena, podendo ser lidas isoladamente sem prejuízo da estrutura gramatical.
Após análise, assinale a alternativa que apresenta a sequência CORRETA dos itens acima, de cima para baixo:
A
F, V, V, F.
B
V, F, V, F.
C
V, V, V, V.
D
V, V, F, V.
In a dialogue, one student says “The phone is ringing. I’ll get it,” and later says “I’m going to visit my aunt next weekend.” Mark the CORRECT statement about the contrast between will and going to.
A
Will often signals a decision made on the spot, while going to signals a prior intention or plan, matching a quick response to the phone and a weekend arrangement.
B
Will is used for fixed timetables and planned events, while going to is used for offers and promises, so the two lines illustrate the standard textbook distribution.
C
Going to expresses certainty and will expresses doubt, so I’ll get it reduces commitment, while I’m going to visit signals a weak intention that may change soon.
D
Will is preferred mainly with motion verbs like visit, while going to is preferred with event verbs like get, so the forms align mainly with verb choice rather than meaning.
E
Both forms act as simple future markers in everyday speech, so meaning stays stable, and the two lines show stylistic variation rather than difference in intention.
In English, the placement of the stress mark ( ˈ ) indicates the stressed syllable of a word. In many two- syllable words, stress on the first syllable often signals a noun, while stress on the second syllable commonly signals a verb. Which pair correctly matches pronunciation → word class?
A
ˈimport → verb
B
imˈport → noun
C
ˈexport → adjective
D
exˈport → verb
E
ˈconflict → verb
In advanced text production, the use of cleft sentences (it-clefts and wh-clefts) allows the writer to manipulate information structure for emphasis. Considering the morphosyntactic properties of it-clefts, select the alternative that correctly analyzes the focus in the sentence "It was the strong wind that caused the power outage".
A
The use of the dummy subject "It" indicates that the sentence is impersonal and lacks a specific agent, shifting the focus entirely to the result "power outage".
B
The cleft structure places the noun phrase "the strong wind" in the focus position, explicitly contrasting it with other possible causes (contrastive focus) while presupposing that something caused the outage.
C
The structure emphasizes the verb "caused" by fronting the agent, making the sentence equivalent to a passive voice construction where the agent is unknown.
D
The sentence is grammatically incorrect because it-clefts cannot be used with inanimate subjects like "wind"; a wh-cleft would be the only appropriate choice here.
In the billboard original sentence “got milk?”, presented in text 11A1-II, the teacher crosses out the word “got” and includes the words “Do you have any”. Considering word classes and syntax, it is correct to conclude that the billboard original sentence was incorrect in standard English because
A
the sentence is a question, and in questions a past-tense verb must be used.
B
in interrogative clauses, “got” should always be followed by “any”.
C
“milk” always requires a modal verb, and “got” is not a modal.
D
“got” is an adverb and cannot appear before a noun.
E
“got” should be accompanied by a subject-auxiliary structure when used in interrogative clauses.
Analyze the following assertions and the proposed relation between them.
I- When you see a colon (:) after a symbol, it means that the sound is short, with a single phonetic quality throughout
BECAUSE
II- the colon indicates length, showing that the preceding vowel or consonant sound is held for a shorter duration.
It is correct to state that
A
both statements are false.
B
the first statement is true and the second is false.
C
the first statement is false and the second is true.
D
both statements are true and the second justifies the first.
E
both statements are true, but the second does not justify the first.
The passage ‘that he is a part of and that is worth his trouble to seek to direct’ (in the fourth sentence of the second paragraph), describes the relationship between ‘the inhabitant of New England’ and ‘a free and strong corporation’, which is ‘his township’.
C
Certo
E
Errado
According to the text, analyse the statements below:
I. In “reshaping” (l. 19), re- is a prefix meaning again, the same as in “recognize”.
II. The modal verb “might” (l. 02) expresses certainty that people will use the term “rage bait” to describe how they feel.
III. The sentence “‘rage bait’ had been around since just after the turn of the century” (l. 21-22) uses the past perfect to indicate that the term already existed before another point in the past.
Which ones are correct?
A
Only I.
B
Only II.
C
Only III.
D
Only I and III.
E
I, II and III.
In the excerpt "Atlas, which is designed for general industrial use" (second paragraph), the clause introduced by the word "which" provides essential information that cannot be removed without changing the core meaning of the sentence.
C
Certo
E
Errado
In the utterance “Can you open the window?” the speaker is performing:
A
A request (indirect speech act).
B
A literal question about ability.
C
A declarative act.
D
An example of pragmatic irony.
E
A modalized assertion.
Leia o trecho a seguir, adaptado de um texto jornalístico sobre tecnologia educacional:
During a conference on education, a researcher said, “Teachers need to guide students in the responsible use of artificial intelligence.” Later, the researcher added that teachers should understand its limitations as well as its benefits.
Com base no trecho, analise as afirmativas a seguir.
I. No primeiro período, a fala do pesquisador é apresentada em discurso direto.
II. No segundo período, a informação é apresentada em discurso indireto, introduzida pela conjunção that.
III. O pronome its estabelece referência contextual ao termo artificial intelligence.
IV. A repetição lexical de the researcher e teachers contribui para a clareza da referência textual.
V. A expressão that teachers should understand its limitations constitui uma oração subordinada que integra o discurso indireto.
Após análise, conclui-se que estão corretas:
A
I, II e III.
B
I, II, III e IV.
C
II, III e V.
D
I, III e IV.
E
I, II, III, IV e V.
A competência lexical em inglês envolve o conhecimento de como as palavras se agrupam naturalmente, fenômeno conhecido como "collocation", e como se organizam em campos semânticos. Sobre esse assunto, assinale a alternativa CORRETA.
A
Collocations são combinações convencionais de palavras que soam naturais para falantes nativos, como o uso de "make" em "make a mistake" e "do" em "do homework", baseadas em restrições semânticas e de uso.
B
Collocations gramaticais referem-se estritamente à ordem de adjetivos antes de substantivos, excluindo combinações entre verbos e preposições ou substantivos e verbos.
C
Um campo semântico é definido pela relação de oposição fonética entre palavras que compartilham a mesma raiz morfológica, independentemente de seus significados no contexto de um parágrafo.
D
A expressão "high wind" é uma collocation incorreta na norma culta, devendo ser substituída por "tall wind" para adequar-se à regra de adjetivos que descrevem fenômenos meteorológicos verticais.
E
O aprendizado de vocabulário através de listas isoladas de traduções literais é considerado a estratégia mais eficaz para dominar as nuanças de registro e as variações de significado em collocations.
The English language employs different structures to express future events depending on the speaker's intention, the degree of certainty, and the evidence available at the time of speaking. Regarding these future forms, mark the CORRECT alternative.
A
The modal verb "will" is the preferred form to express future intentions based on clear evidence in the present, such as dark clouds in the sky being used to predict immediate rain.
B
Future continuous (will be + -ing) is primarily used to describe a permanent state that will exist throughout the future, replacing the simple future in formal academic predictions.
C
The structure "be going to" should be used to express spontaneous decisions made at the exact moment of speaking, especially in response to a request or an unexpected event.
D
The "present continuous" is used to describe personal arrangements or fixed plans for the future, usually implying that some preparation has already been made and a specific time has been set.
E
The use of "will" in conditional sentences of the first type (first conditional) occurs in the subordinate clause started by "if", to indicate that the condition is a future certainty.
Which sentence below is incorrect?
A
The ball rolled and fell up the stairs.
B
The cat jumped onto the sofa.
C
She ran across the street.
D
He drove into the tunnel.
E
They walked toward the exit.
Choose the correct sentence:
A
She go to school every day.
B
She goes to school every day.
C
She going to school every day.
D
She gone to school every day.
E
She is go to school every day.
Which sentence is correct?
A
He goed to the market.
B
He go to the market yesterday.
C
He went to the market yesterday.
D
He going to the market yesterday.
E
He gone to the market yesterday.
Choose the correct sentence:
A
This book is more better than that one.
B
This book is best than that one.
C
This book is most better than that one.
D
This book is gooder than that one.
E
This book is better than that one.
Originally, the term pulp referred to the cheap, low-quality paper (made from wood pulp) used to print popular magazines in the early to mid-20th century. Over time, it became a shorthand for the genre itself. How is the word pulp functioning grammatically, and what does it imply about the publication's scope?
A
It is a verb describing the process of recycling paper, implying the magazine only accepts digital submissions.
B
It is a noun acting as a specific category of fiction, implying the magazine accepts both "popular / sensational" and "literary" styles.
C
It is an adjective modifying the word "fiction" (implied), meaning the magazine strictly forbids any stories with fast-paced plots.
D
It is a conjunction connecting the types of genres, implying that all genres must be written in a "pulp" style to be accepted.
In English grammar, subordinate clauses play an important role in the construction of complex sentences, contributing additional information related to time, condition, cause, contrast, or purpose. These clauses generally depend on a main clause to complete their meaning and are frequently introduced by conjunctions or relative pronouns. Analyze the alternatives below and identify the sentence in which there is an example of a subordinate clause properly employed within the sentence structure.
A
The committee postponed the meeting because several members were attending another event.
B
The professor explained the theory clearly and answered the questions from the audience.
C
The researcher completed the experiment and presented the final report during the conference.
D
The manager approved the proposal and discussed the final details with the accounting team.
Regarding the use of pronouns and articles in English morphosyntax, mark T for True or F for False:
(__)The relative pronoun "whom" is used in formal registers to refer to the object of a verb or preposition, while "who" is typically used for the subject.
(__)Reflexive pronouns, such as "himself" or "ourselves", can be used with an emphatic function to stress that the subject performed the action without help.
(__)The definite article "the" must be used before names of individual lakes and mountains in academic writing to ensure the correct determination of the noun.
(__)Possessive adjectives like "their" and "her" function as substitutes for the noun, eliminating the need to express the possessed object in the sentence.
Now, choose the CORRECT alternative with the sequence from top to bottom:
A
T, T, F, F.
B
T, F, T, T.
C
F, T, F, T.
D
F, T, T, F.
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