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Questões de Concurso sobre Língua Inglesa e Educação
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Leia o texto a seguir.
How do most teachers use micro-dictations?
However ‘small’ they are, micro-dictations have great value! They can help students notice connected speech, which is what usually blocks their understanding in a listening lesson. The teacher reads the sentences or plays the recording. They repeat each sentence a few times. Example: He must have gone out.
Students listen and write what they hear.
The teacher now writes the sentence on the whiteboard and asks students to compare it to theirs.
Finally, the teacher asks: which part was difficult to understand and why?
TSATERI, Rachel. World of better learning. Disponível em: https://www.cambridge.org/elt/blog/2023/06/11/using-micro-dictations-to-help-students-notice-connected-speech/. Acesso em: 12 jul. 2024. Adaptado.
O texto acima discorre sobre como os professores podem usar micro-dictations. Qual das estratégias abaixo corresponde a uma técnica de micro-dictation?
A
Ler uma frase pausadamente palavra por palavra, destacando a pronúncia de cada uma individualmente.
B
Pedir para que os alunos leiam em voz alta uma passagem do texto, corrigindo a pronúncia quando necessário.
C
Colocar um filme com legendas em português para os alunos assistirem e solicitar que se atentem à pronúncia das palavras.
D
Falar em voz alta uma frase curta sem o acompanhamento de sua forma escrita, para que percebam a ligação sonora entre as palavras.
E
Escrever uma frase na lousa e ditá-la em voz alta, de forma que os alunos percebam a correspondência entre grafia e som.
When reading a historical text that alternates between broad descriptions of an era and specific anecdotes about key figures, which reading strategy would best facilitate both global and point-specific comprehension?
A
Read each paragraph in isolation to avoid confusion between general context and specific details.
B
Focus primarily on the specific anecdotes as they contain the most important information.
C
Focus on the broad descriptions to understand the general context, ignoring specific anecdotes.
D
Skim the entire text first to grasp the overall structure, then re-read for detailed understanding of both the broad context and specific anecdotes.
According to Brown (2002), for much of the 20th century, the language teaching profession was focused on finding a single, ideal method that could effectively teach a foreign language in the classroom setting. By the 21st century, there was a move away from a one-size-fits-all approach in language teaching towards a more adaptable and student-centered methodology. In the history of language teaching methods and approaches this movement is known as:
A
The Post Method Era.
B
The Reform Period.
C
Learner-centred Instruction.
D
Humanistic Approach.
Language learning is using a formal education method where direct instructions and rules are provided by an educator. When teaching a language, teachers usually focus on teaching the form of the language. As a result, they explain the grammar rules, structures, and vocabulary to the students. Language learning is often much more formal than language acquisition. There are usually set goals and objectives in a language learning setting, and progress is often monitored and evaluated, for language learning typically involves using instructional materials such as textbooks, workbooks, and audiovisual aids. On the other hand, in a naturalistic setting, people acquire languages without formal instruction or materials. Language acquisition is a procedure that takes place at any period of a person’s life. The term language acquisition is usually related to the learning of one’s native language with the help of a close family or the surroundings. People engaged in language acquisition may not have any specific goals or objectives in mind. They may be exposed to the target language through interactions in their daily lives. Nonetheless, there is a distinction between them, for it is believed to there to be key differences between learning and acquiring a language. With that in mind, check the alternative that best represents the difference between language acquisition and language learning processes.
A
Language acquisition would be studying a foreign or second language in a classroom setting, while language learning would be the process by which people naturally acquire a language.
B
Language acquisition would be the process of acquiring a second or foreign language. At the same time, language learning would be naturally acquiring a first language.
C
While language acquisition is believed to take place in formal settings like schools or language institutes, language learning is believed to happen in everyday life through interactions, listening to music, watching shows, or simply being in an environment where the language is spoken.
D
Language acquisition would be a conscious process while language learning would be an unconscious process. Language acquisition is typically believed to be a highly structured process.
E
Language learning would be a conscious process while language acquisition would be an unconscious process. Language acquisition is believed to be a more natural and intuitive process, on the other hand language learning is believed to be nurtured through explicit instruction usually in a controlling learning environment.
BNCC places great emphasis on vocabulary acquisition, specially in the early years of foreign-language instruction. A Brazilian English teacher who understands the content of the text should tend to:
A
focus on teaching institutionalized phrases rather than individual words.
B
avoid presenting new individual words or word combinations out of context.
C
introduce word combinations even at very basic levels of language instruction.
D
start from the teaching of single words, then go to phrases and only later to sentence structure.
E
emphasize the teaching of the lexicon more than the teaching of grammar items.
Total Physical Response (TPR) is a teaching method that uses physical movement to help students learn language and vocabulary. It is a method of teaching language or vocabulary concepts by using physical movement to react to verbal input. The process mimics the way that infants learn their first language, and it reduces student inhibitions and lowers stress. In TPR, instructors give commands to students in the target language with body movements, and students respond with whole-body actions. Total Physical Response is particularly useful for, but not limited to, teaching beginners and, or younger students and is highly effective for teaching imperative-based languages, where the commands are easily expressed through actions. Having that said, check the alternative, whose statement is not associated with the one of the core principles of TPR.
A
TPR mimics the way infants learn their first language by creating a link between speech and action in the brain.
B
TPR involves multiple senses, for it engages students by using both their left and right sides of the brain.
C
TPR compares the similarities and differences between the native language and the target language to help students understand the language system, for it focuses on reading and writing, and pays little attention to speaking and listening.
D
In TPR, lessons are organized around grammar, and in particular around the verb. Instructors issue commands based on the verbs and vocabulary to be learned in a lesson. However, the primary focus in lessons is on meaning,
E
TPR can be used to teach many things, including vocabulary, tenses, classroom language, and storytelling.
Nausea and vomiting can be manifestations of a wide variety of conditions. Regarding 5-HT3 serotonin receptor antagonists, it is correct to say:
A
They have a potent antiemetic effect, acting primarily by blocking peripheral 5-HT3 receptors in the intestinal nerves, as well as affecting central receptors in the vomiting center and the chemoreceptor trigger zone.
B
The main antiemetic mechanism of action of these drugs is the blockade of dopaminergic receptors, which reduces esophageal and gastric motility.
C
Adverse reactions include euphoria, dysphoria, sedation, hallucinations, dry mouth, and increased appetite, and they may also cause autonomic effects such as tachycardia, conjunctival injection, and orthostatic hypotension.
D
The oral bioavailability of ondansetron is 65%, and due to its prolonged half-life, it allows for single-dose administration.
Marque a única alternativa errada quanto às competências específicas de língua inglesa para o ensino fundamental.
A
Identificar similaridades e diferenças entre a língua inglesa e a língua materna/outras línguas, articulando-as a aspectos sociais, culturais e identitários, em uma relação intrínseca entre língua, cultura e identidade.
B
Elaborar repertórios linguístico-discursivos da língua inglesa, usados em diferentes países e por grupos sociais distintos dentro de um mesmo país, de modo a reconhecer a diversidade linguística como direito e valorizar os usos heterogêneos, híbridos e multimodais emergentes nas sociedades contemporâneas.
C
Ampliar a visão de letramento, ou melhor, dos multiletramentos, concebida também nas práticas sociais do mundo digital – no qual saber a língua inglesa potencializa as possibilidades de participação e circulação – que aproximam e entrelaçam diferentes semioses e linguagens (verbal, visual, corporal, audiovisual), em um contínuo processo de significação contextualizado, dialógico e ideológico.
D
Identificar o lugar de si e o do outro em um mundo plurilíngue e multicultural, refletindo, criticamente, sobre como a aprendizagem da língua inglesa contribui para a inserção dos sujeitos no mundo globalizado, inclusive no que concerne ao mundo do trabalho.
E
Comunicar-se na língua inglesa, por meio do uso variado de linguagens em mídias impressas ou digitais, reconhecendo-a como ferramenta de acesso ao conhecimento, de ampliação das perspectivas e de possibilidades para a compreensão dos valores e interesses de outras culturas e para o exercício do protagonismo social.
The pedagogy of conditioning differs from the pedagogy of transmission by not considering, in the educational process, ideas and knowledge as more important; that is, the empirical and operational manifestations of the exchange of knowledge, attitudes, and skills.
C
Certo
E
Errado
In the Communicative Approach, the initial phase of the teaching process is dedicated to establishing a conducive environment for learning. In this phase, the focus is on building confidence among participants and reducing potential anxieties.
C
Certo
E
Errado
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