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A polissemia é uma característica marcante da língua inglesa, onde uma única palavra pode assumir múltiplos significados dependendo do contexto. Analise o uso da palavra 'DATE' nas sentenças a seguir.
I.'They went on a romantic date last night.' (Contexto socialrelacionamento)
II.'Please, write the date of birth on the form.' (Contexto de registro temporal)
III.'I love eating date cake; it is very sweet.' (Contexto botânicoculinário - fruto da tamareira)
Assinale a alternativa que apresenta somente as proposições onde a palavra está utilizada e interpretada CORRETAMENTE quanto à sua polissemia:
A
Somente I e II.
B
Somente II e III.
C
Somente II.
D
Somente I e III.
E
I, II e III.
The verb ‘encouraging’ in “We’re encouraging older people to make small changes,” can be replaced, without changing meaning, by:
A
promising.
B
suggesting.
C
blaming.
D
forcing.
E
rejecting.
A BNCC para a Língua Inglesa no Ensino Fundamental organiza os objetivos de aprendizagem em eixos que integram práticas de linguagem e dimensões do conhecimento. Sobre esses eixos, marque V, para as afirmativas verdadeiras, e F, para as falsas.
(__)O eixo da 'Oralidade' envolve as práticas de compreensão e produção oral, incluindo a negociação de sentidos em interações presenciais ou digitais.
(__)O eixo da 'Dimensão Intercultural' visa desenvolver a compreensão de que as culturas, especialmente as de língua inglesa, são superiores e devem servir de modelo para a cultura brasileira.
(__)O eixo 'Conhecimentos Linguísticos' foca na reflexão sobre o sistema da língua (gramática, léxico, fonologia) sempre a serviço das práticas comunicativas, e não como fim em si mesmo.
(__)A BNCC excluiu o eixo da 'Escrita' do currículo de Inglês, transferindo essa responsabilidade inteiramente para as aulas de Língua Portuguesa.
Após análise, assinale a alternativa que apresenta a sequência correta dos itens acima, de cima para baixo:
A
V, F, V, F.
B
F, V, V, F.
C
V, F, F, V.
D
V, V, F, F.
E
F, F, V, V.
O trabalho com gêneros textuais em sala de aula permite que o aluno compreenda como a língua funciona em diferentes contextos sociais e propósitos comunicativos. Considerando as características estruturais e linguísticas de uma 'Abstract' (Resumo Acadêmico), assinale a alternativa que descreve corretamente esse gênero.
A
É uma lista de tópicos em bullets, sem coesão textual, destinada apenas a citar as referências bibliográficas utilizadas no estudo.
B
É um texto opinativo em primeira pessoa, onde o autor expressa seus sentimentos subjetivos e críticas pessoais sobre o tema, sem necessidade de rigor científico.
C
É um texto narrativo longo, caracterizado pelo uso de linguagem coloquial, gírias e diálogos diretos entre os personagens da pesquisa.
D
É uma transcrição literal de uma entrevista realizada durante a pesquisa, mantendo as marcas de oralidade e hesitações dos falantes.
E
É um texto conciso que sintetiza os objetivos, a metodologia, os resultados e as conclusões de um trabalho acadêmico, geralmente escrito em linguagem formal e objetiva.
According to Paulo Freire, the “banking model of education” is characterized by:
A
learners as passive recipients of information
B
education as a dialogical process
C
students actively constructing knowledge
D
problem-posing and reflection
E
horizontal relationships between teacher and student
The word UNDERSTANDING, as used in the text, is formed by:
A
Prefixation only, where "under-" modifies the meaning of the root "standing".
B
Suffixation, where the addition of "-ing" to the verb "understand" creates a gerund/noun.
C
Compounding, by joining two independent words to create a completely new meaning.
D
Parasynthesis, since the prefix and the suffix were required to form the word simultaneously.
E
Conversion, as the word changed its grammatical category without any formal alteration.
The distinction between literary and non-literary texts lies in the use of language and the primary function of the discourse. About the interpretation of different genres, mark T for True and F for False:
(__)Narratives are primarily characterized by the use of "mimesis" or "diegesis" to represent a sequence of events involving characters in a specific setting.
(__)Expository texts aim to persuade the reader by using emotional appeal and rhetorical devices such as hyperbole and irony to defend a subjective point of view.
(__)Literary texts often employ "defamiliarization," a technique that makes common objects or situations seem strange to enhance the reader's perception.
(__)Descriptive texts in technical manuals are strictly forbidden from using adjectives because they must remain purely objective and mathematical.
After analysis, choose the alternative that presents the correct sequence:
A
F, F, T, T.
B
T, F, T, F.
C
F, T, T, F.
D
T, T, F, T.
Textual linguistics defines cohesion and coherence as the two main pillars of textuality. While cohesion deals with the surface linguistic links, coherence relates to the underlying meaning. Analyze the following statements about these concepts:
I.Anaphora is a cohesive device where a word in a text refers back to a previously mentioned entity, such as using "it" to refer to "the book."
II.Lexical cohesion can be achieved through the use of hyponyms and hypernyms, creating a semantic chain that maintains the thematic unity of the passage.
III.Coherence is entirely dependent on the presence of explicit conjunctions, meaning a text without "but" or "therefore" cannot be logically understood.
Which statements are correct:
A
I, II and III.
B
II only.
C
I and II only.
D
I and III only.
A abordagem comunicativa (Communicative Language Teaching - CLT) transformou o ensino de línguas ao priorizar a função da linguagem sobre a forma. Nesse contexto, o papel do erro sofre uma ressignificação importante no processo de aprendizagem. Com base nos princípios da CLT, assinale a alternativa que descreve corretamente o tratamento do erro durante atividades de fluência.
A
O erro deve ser ignorado completamente em todas as etapas da aula, pois a gramática não é relevante na abordagem comunicativa.
B
O erro é considerado uma falha grave de planejamento pedagógico e deve ser punido com a repetição exaustiva da forma correta.
C
O erro deve ser corrigido imediatamente pelo professor para evitar a fossilização de estruturas incorretas na mente do aluno.
D
O erro é visto como parte natural do processo de aprendizagem e a correção imediata deve ser evitada para não interromper o fluxo comunicativo.
In English phonetics and phonology, the study of sound production and perception focuses on how phonemes are articulated and distinguished. Regarding English vowels and consonants, choose the correct alternative.
A
All English speech sounds are produced using the same articulatory configuration.
B
Vowels and consonants are differentiated based on articulatory and acoustic properties.
C
Sound perception in English is independent of how phonemes are produced.
D
English phonemes are identified exclusively by spelling patterns in written language.
Reading strategies are essential tools for learners to navigate complex texts and achieve comprehension without needing to translate every single word. Considering reading techniques, analyze the statements below:
I.Skimming involves reading a text quickly to get a general overview or the main idea of the content.
II.Scanning is a strategy used when the reader looks for specific information, such as dates, names, or numbers, without reading the entire text.
III.Top-down processing occurs when the reader relies exclusively on decoding individual letters and phonemes to build the meaning of a sentence from scratch.
Regarding these statements, select the correct alternative:
A
I, II and III.
B
I and II only.
C
I and III only.
D
II only.
E
III only.
In a Genre-Based Approach (GBA) to teaching writing, the relationship between reading and writing is emphasized through the analysis of model texts. Identify the correct statement about this pedagogical framework.
A
This approach mandates that students must never read a text before trying to write it, to ensure that their creativity is not limited by existing models.
B
The primary goal of the Genre-Based Approach (GBA) is to teach students how to memorize the dictionary definition of every word in a technical manual.
C
The Genre-Based Approach (GBA) involves a cycle of modeling, joint construction, and independent construction to help students master specific social purposes of texts.
D
Joint construction is a phase where the teacher writes the entire text for the student, who then receives a grade based on the teacher's performance.
E
In this framework, speaking and listening are prohibited, as the focus is exclusively on the silent analysis of written grammatical structures.
The study of genres in English language teaching focuses on the social purpose and the structural patterns of different texts. Academic abstracts, for instance, have a specific communicative function and a conventionalized structure. In the context of genre analysis, identify the correct statement.
A
An abstract typically follows a specific move structure, including the background, purpose, methods, results, and conclusions of a research study.
B
The main communicative purpose of a film review is exactly the same as a laboratory report, since both aim to describe physical phenomena objectively.
C
Textual genres are fixed and unchangeable entities that have remained identical since the invention of the printing press in the fifteenth century.
D
The use of informal language and slang is a mandatory feature of academic abstracts to ensure the text is accessible to the general public.
E
Academic abstracts are characterized by the absence of hedging devices, as scientific claims must always be presented as absolute and undeniable truths.
Cognatos são palavras de diferentes idiomas que possuem semelhança na escrita e no significado, enquanto falsos cognatos são parecidos na escrita, mas divergem no significado, como 'parents' (pais) em inglês e 'parentes' (relatives) em português.
C
Certo
E
Errado
It can be inferred from the text that coffin homes are a serious problem in Hong Kong because
A
the residents of these homes are neglecting their dwellings, which is making them uninhabitable.
B
the local government has shown no interest in solving the housing crisis in the region.
C
these homes have several infrastructure problems, which affect the quality of life of their residents.
D
there is no treatment for the health issues caused by the unsanitary conditions of these homes.
E
these homes are quite expensive for their residents, who are mostly poor people.
“Frankenstein”, written by Mary Shelley, has been recently adapted into a film by Guillermo del Toro. The book has spanned across centuries and has gathered a cult following. Some of its main themes concern:
A
Prejudice and the consequences of defying nature.
B
The emergence of feminism and the origins of science fiction.
C
Racial tensions in Germany.
D
Loss of financial status.
Which word below is a compound word?
A
Unhappy.
B
Toothbrush.
C
Successful.
D
Gently.
As Wh- words podem exercer funções de pronomes, adjetivos ou advérbios interrogativos. Em estruturas de Indirect Questions (perguntas indiretas) e o uso de whose, a complexidade sintática aumenta. Assinale a alternativa gramaticalmente correta:
A
The committee asked whose was the signature on the document.
B
I wonder who's bag has been left in the corridor since yesterday.
C
They inquired whose signature it was on the document, ensuring the auxiliary verb followed the subject.
D
Whose did they say the responsibility for the project was?
What is the main communicative purpose of this text?
A
To advertise a new reading textbook for language classrooms.
B
To narrate a personal experience of learning to read in another language.
C
To argue for a more interactive and strategic view of reading.
D
To describe the history of reading instruction in schools.
E
To instruct students on how to memorize vocabulary lists.
READ THE TEXT AND ANSWER THE THREE QUESTIONS BELOW
Liberating Adult Education, Animation and People Centred Democracy
Marjorie Mbilinyi
Adopting Issa Shivji’s paradigm, “The philosopher in Nyerere was informed by, and in constant search for, human equality and freedom, while the king in him was driven by the imperatives of building a nation-state” [Shivji 2020 Book Three: 2]. Mwalimu Nyerere advocated transformative pedagogy and liberating adult education, which he linked to nation building and peoplecentred participatory development, especially at grassroots level. He argued that adult learners have knowledge to share. They need to be encouraged to think, analyse critically and act on their own behalf so as to improve their situation. They thereby became active subjects, and participated equally in making key decisions on resource allocations at all levels and benefited equally. While referring to individual demands for freedom and dignity, Mwalimu emphasized the collective nature of these demands, and argued that the African people can only realize real democracy and freedom by uniting together so as to fight against neo-colonialism and corporate globalisation and to struggle for equitable, just development and economic liberation. At the same time, he was a powerful ruler who established an Executive with no checks and balances and focused on nation building and African liberation, not socialism. He denounced global elites and Northern based imperialism, but in the early years he rarely took action against the growth of a bureaucratic bourgeoisie in his own state and party. The failure to translate his ideals of equality and justice into a popular mass movement of workers, peasants, students and others contributed to the ultimate downfall of ujamaa. At the same time, he succeeded in sustaining national unity in an increasingly hostile context during the 1980s debt crisis and confrontation with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) demands for Structural Adjustment (SAP) and neoliberalism [Shivji 2020 Book Thre.
Fonte: Mbilinyi, Marjorie. "Liberating Adult Education, Animation and People Centred Democracy." Convergence 44.1: 3-16.
Consider the following statements in light of the text.
I. The transformative pedagogy defended by Nyerere assumed that adults should be encouraged to think critically, share knowledge, and act politically to improve their own conditions.
II. Although he denounced imperialism and global elites, Nyerere established a highly centralized Executive with limited checks and balances, revealing a tension between democratic discourse and political practice.
III. The failure of ujamaa was partly due to the inability to translate ideals of equality and justice into a sustained, mass-based popular movement.
It is correct to state that:
A
I only.
B
I and II only
C
I and III only.
D
I, II and III.
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